Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Mars Surveyor 98 Update - April 24, 1998
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1998 MARS SURVEYOR PROJECT STATUS REPORT
April 24, 1998
John McNamee
Mars Surveyor 98 Project Manager
The Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer (PMIRR) instrument failed to
operate properly during orbiter solar thermal vacuum (STV) testing. A part
failure in the 15V PMIRR power supply is the suspected cause. All other
objectives of the orbiter thermal vacuum test were accomplished
successfully. The plan is to break vacuum on Friday, April 24, troubleshoot
the
cause of the failure over the weekend, and reestablish vacuum conditions on
Monday, April 27, if the team is confident the root cause of the failure has
been
diagnosed and fixed.
Lander integration and test activities are proceeding on schedule with no
significant problems. ElectroMagnetic Interference/Compatibility (EMI/EMC)
testing of the lander spacecraft was completed successfully.
For more information on the Mars Surveyor 98 mission, please visit this
website:
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msp98/
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=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Third MGS Image Of Cydonia Region, Viking 1 Landing Site Available
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The third image of the Cydonia Region taken by the Mars Global Surveyor
spacecraft is now available on the MGS website:
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/target/CYD3/index.html
This is the raw image. Processed images will be available later today
at the same site.
Also available is an MGS image of the Viking 1 landing site:
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/msss/camera/images/4_23_98_vl1_stereo_release/ind
ex.html
Captions to both images are appended below.
Ron Baalke
RAW IMAGE POSTED - April 24, 1998 10:00 AM Pacific Daylight Savings Time
CYDONIA OBSERVATION #3 PHOTO CAPTION
Orbit: 258
Range: 409.53 km
Resolution: 3.46 m/pixel
Image dimensions: 1024 X 9600 pixels, 3.5 km x 33.2 km
Line time: 0.50 msec
Emission angle: 29.90 degrees
Incidence angle: 69.59 degrees
Phase angle: 60.62 degrees
Scan rate: ~0.15 degree/sec
Start time: periapsis + 410 sec
Sequence submitted to JPL: Wed 04/22/98 21:45:00 PDT
Image acquired by MOC: Thu 04/23/98 12:23:02 PDT
Data retrieved from JPL: Fri 04/24/98 09:00 PDT
MOC Acquires High Resolution Stereoscopic Images
of Viking One Landing Site
Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera Release: MOC2-44A, -44B
Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera Image ID: 577659262.25403
P254-03 (partial)
576862349.23503
P235-03 (partial)
See also: Viking One Landing site
(A)[Image] (B)[Image]
(A) Viking Orbiter 1 027A63, showing outline of area including Viking Lander
1 location covered by stereoscopic images
(B) Stereoscopic portions of MOC images 25403 (red) and 23503 (blue,green)
reproduced at a scale of 7.5 meters/pixel (JPG = 676 KBytes)
CAPTION
Two MOC images of the vicinity of the Viking Lander 1 (MOC 23503 and 25403),
acquired separately on 12 April 1998 at 08:32 PDT and 21 April 1998 at 13:54
PDT (respectively), are combined here in a stereoscopic anaglyph. The more
recent, slightly better quality image is in the red channel, while the
earlier image is shown in the blue and green channels. Only the overlap
portion of the images is included in the composite.
Image 23503 was taken at a viewing angle of 31.6° from vertical; 25403 was
taken at an angle of 22.4°, for a difference of 9.4°. Although this is not
as large a difference as is typically used in stereo mapping, it is
sufficient to provide some indication of relief, at least in locations of
high relief.
The image shows the raised rims and deep interiors of the larger impact
craters in the area (the largest crater is about 650 m/2100 feet across). It
shows that the relief on the ridges is very subtle, and that, in general,
the Viking landing site is very flat. This result is, of course, expected:
the VL-1 site was chosen specifically because it was likely to have low to
very low slopes that represented potential hazards to the spacecraft.
Malin Space Science Systems and the California Institute of Technology built
the MOC using spare hardware from the Mars Observer mission. MSSS operates
the camera from its facilities in San Diego, CA. The Jet Propulsion
Laboratory's Mars Surveyor Operations Project operates the Mars Global
Surveyor spacecraft with its industrial partner, Lockheed Martin
Astronautics, from facilities in Pasadena, CA and Denver, CO.
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=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Cassini Update - April 24, 1998
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CASSINI SIGNIFICANT EVENTS FOR
WEEK ENDING 4/24/98
Spacecraft Status:
The Cassini spacecraft is presently traveling at a speed of
approximately 136,000 kilometers/hour (~84,000 mph) relative to the sun
and has traveled approximately 531 million kilometers (~329 million
miles) since launch on October 15, 1997.
The Cassini spacecraft has been flying for just over 6 months.
Cassini's first planetary gravity assist, a technique used to increase
spacecraft velocity, is approaching; the Venus-1 flyby scheduled for
early Sunday morning, April 26th.
The most recent Spacecraft status is from the DSN tracking pass on
Thursday, 04/23, over Goldstone. The Cassini spacecraft is in an
excellent state of health and is executing the C7 sequence nominally.
Inertial attitude control is being maintained using the spacecraft's
hydrazine thrusters (RCS system). The spacecraft continues to fly in a
High Gain Antenna-to-Sun attitude. It will maintain the HGA-to-Sun
attitude, except for planned trajectory correction maneuvers, for the
first 14 months of flight.
Communication with Earth during early cruise is via one of the
spacecraft's two low-gain antennas; the antenna selected depends on the
relative geometry of the Sun, Earth and the spacecraft. The downlink
telemetry rate is presently 40 bps.
Spacecraft Activity Summary:
On Friday, 04/17, the third Periodic Instrument Maintenance activity
(PIM) completed execution, as planned. This activity is carried out
every three months by 11 of the 12 Orbiter instruments. All Instrument
representatives reported successful completion of their PIM activities.
Also on Friday, the realtime portion of an SSR Flight Software Partition
maintenance activity was performed, as planned, completing the activity
which had begun on Tuesday, April 14.
On Saturday, 4/18, the Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem's
(AACS's) active vector was updated as part of the preparations for the
upcoming Venus-1 gravity assist flyby.
On Sunday, 04/19, and Monday, 04/20, there were no changes to spacecraft
configuration.
On Tuesday, 04/21, the Solid State Recorder (SSR) record and playback
pointers were reset, according to plan. This housekeeping activity,
done approximately weekly, maximizes the amount of time that recorded
engineering data is available for playback to the ground should an
anomaly occur on the spacecraft.
On Wednesday, 04/22, the RPWS/RADAR minisequences for execution and
playback were uplinked to the spacecraft. The RPWS activity is one
which will search for lightning in the atmosphere of Venus using the
Radio and Plasma Wave Scienceinstrument. The RADAR activity is an
engineering test to verify the ability of the Cassini RADAR instrument
to detect a signal reflected back from a target body (the surface of
Venus). The data collection minisequence's activities will be carried
out on Sunday, April 26 around the Venus closest approach point. The
results of Sunday's activities will be returned to Earth in the playback
minisequence, scheduled to occur the following Friday and Saturday
nights (May 1 and 2).
On Thursday, 04/23, there were no changes to spacecraft configuration.
Upcoming events:
Activities scheduled for the week of 4/24 - 4/30 include: Venus Flyby
(04/25 thru 04/26), with closest approach occurring on Sunday morning
(04/26), execution of the RPWS and Radar Venus activities (04/26),
Pre-TCM 4 Memory Read Out of Mass Properties (04/27), SSR FSW Partition
Maintenance (04/28), and an SSR Pointer Reset (04/30). Additionally,
the first Solar and Earth Occultationswill occur (04/26).
DSN Coverage:
Over the past week Cassini had 10 scheduled DSN tracks occurring from
04/10 through 4/16. In the coming week there will be 16 DSN passes.
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Lunar Prospector Update - April 24, 1998
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Lunar Prospector Status Report #29
April 24, 1998 - 1:00 p.m. EST (10:00 a.m. PST)
The Lunar Prospector spacecraft continues to perform very well.
A recent increase in solar activity has been associated with an
increase in particle counts from the Alpha Particle Spectrometer (APS)
over the last couple of weeks. This effect will be compensated for in
the course of the ongoing data analysis.
Current spacecraft state (00:00 4/23/98 GMT):
Orbit: 1225
Downlink: 3600 bps
Spin Rate: 11.96 rpm
Spin Axis Attitude (ecliptic):
Latitude: 83.2 deg
Longitude: 94 deg
Trajectory:
Periselene Alt: 81.8 km
Aposelene Alt: 118 km
Period: 118 minutes
Occultations: 46 minutes
Eclipses: 46 minutes
An attitude reorientation maneuver is scheduled for Monday, 4/27, with
a maneuver test pulse firing scheduled for Friday, 4/24.
Lisa Chu Thielbar
Lunar Prospector Mission Office
NASA Ames Research Center
Moffett Field, Calif. 94035
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=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Physics News Update - April 23, 1998
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PHYSICS NEWS UPDATE
The American Institute of Physics Bulletin of Physics News
Number 368 April 23, 1998 by Phillip F. Schewe and Ben Stein
THE STRONGEST GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS EVER
MEASURED, corresponding to a spacetime warping of 30%, have
been recorded by scientists using the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer
(RXTE) satellite. By comparison, the proportional curvature of space
is 100% at a black hole, but only about one part in a million near the
sun's surface and one part per billion near the Earth's surface. RXTE
was designed to monitor (over microsecond time intervals) the x rays
coming from binary star systems in which matter from a conventional
star is siphoned off into an accretion disk surrounding a nearby
neutron star or black hole. In about 16 binary-star systems that
contain neutron stars, blobs of gas in the disk are thought to spiral in
toward the neutron star, picking up speed before they make a final
plunge onto the surface. The x rays produced in this process are
regularly dimmed when the hot gas is on the far side of the star. This
leads to quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the x-ray brightness of
the star. Also notable is the fact that the brightness variations only
occur at certain well-defined rates, "pure tones" corresponding to
special orbital periods for the gas going around the star. The
spacetime encountered by the gas is so highly warped because the gas
is able to skim within a few km of the neutron star, which itself is only
about 10 km in diameter. At this week's meeting of the American
Physical Society in Columbus, Ohio, Frederick Lamb of the University
of Illinois (217-333-6363, f-lamb@uiuc.edu) described how the
observed variations in the x-ray brightness can be used to deduce
properties of the neutron star, such as its mass and size. At a press
conference, Lamb and William Zhang of NASA Goddard concentrated
on the binary-star system 4U1820-30, about 20,000 light years from
Earth. The neutron star has a mass of 2.3 solar masses and orbits its
companion star in only 11 minutes. Close observations of this system
confirm a prediction made by Lamb and his colleagues Coleman Miller
and Dimitrios Psaltis that the gas blobs would continue to spiral
inward until they reached an "innermost stable orbit," where they
would orbit before making the dive for the surface. This is a purely
general relativistic (GR) effect; in Newton's mechanics, by contrast,
the blob could have gotten arbitrarily close to the surface, providing
it were going fast enough. The observations by Zhang and his
collaborators now confirm Lamb's prediction, thus opening up a new
"strong-gravitational field" era in GR studies. The measurements of
the gas motion even provide hints as to the nature of the strong
nuclear force sustaining the neutron star against further gravitational
collapse. The new evidence indicates that the nuclear force is stiffer
and more repulsive than has generally been thought.
PLANETARY SYSTEMS IN THE MAKING have been discovered
in the form of tenuous dust disks surrounding several more stars.
Astronomers believe that our own solar system evolved out of such
a disk of material left over after the formation of the sun. Previously
a disk like this had been found around the star Beta Pictoris. Now a
report in Nature (23 April) reveals disks around two more stars,
Formalhut and Vega. Yet another, around the star HR4796A, was
announced at a NASA press conference on 21 April. Formalhut's
disk even has a dust-free inner zone which one would have expected
if rocky planets formed there had swept all such material for their
own use. The observations are possible because of new infrared
detectors sensitive to the radiation emitted by the relatively cool dust.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FOCUS is a new weekly online summary of
selected recent or forthcoming articles in Physical Review Letters.
(Physics News Update does this too, but Focus looks at articles in
more depth.) The summaries are available on the American
Physical Society website at this address: publish.aps.org/FOCUS?
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=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Sky & Telescope News Bulletin - April 24, 1998
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SKY & TELESCOPE'S NEWS BULLETIN
APRIL 24, 1998
HST ANNIVERSARY
The Space Telescope Science Institute marked the eighth year of
revolutionary astronomical data from the Hubble Space Telescope on April
17th by releasing an infrared image of Saturn taken earlier in the year by
Erich Karkoschka (University of Arizona). The false-color view from
Hubble's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS)
reveals details about the various cloud layers and hazes in Saturn's
atmosphere.
CASSINI PASSING VENUS
After six months in space, the Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft will have
its first planetary encounter April 26th when it makes a pass over Venus at
an altitude of 284 km. The planet's gravity will give the spacecraft a
26,280-kilometer-per-hour boost in speed. Launched last October, Cassini
and the Huygens Titan probe, supplied by the European Space Agency, still
have a long way to go before reaching the ringed planet. The spacecraft
will make three more gravity-assist flybys -- a second pass by Venus, then
one by the Earth, and then one by Jupiter -- before arriving at Saturn in
2004.
SIGNS OF EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEM
Astronomers have found what they believe is a "missing link" for
understanding the formation of planets around stars. Two teams of
researchers noticed that the star HR 4796 in Centaurus is surrounded by a
disk of material. Michael Werner, David Koerner, and Michael Ressler (Jet
Propulsion Laboratory) and Dana Backman (Franklin and Marshall College)
used the 10-meter Keck II Telescope atop Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Ray
Jayawardhana (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) and Charles
Telesco (University of Florida) made their observations from Cerro Tololo
in Chile. Although other stars are known to sport rings of dust -- which
hint at planetary systems -- these new observations reveal that HR 4796 has
a gap in the disk immediately next to the star. The absence of material
strongly suggests that forming planets have swept this region clean. The
cleared area has a diameter of about 100 astronomical units, slightly
larger than our own solar system.
FIRST VLT MIRROR INSTALLED
The European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope took another
important step toward completion on April 17th. The first of the 8.2-meter-
wide mirrors was mounted in one of the four telescope structures atop Cerro
Paranal in Chile. "First light" for the telescope is expected by the end of
May.
SUDBURY NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY GRAND OPENING
Another observatory BELOW ground is nearly complete. The Sudbury Neutrino
Observatory, located 2 kilometers beneath Sudbury, Ontario, will hold its
inauguration ceremonies on April 28-29. The detector, designed to see
neutrinos produced by the Sun's fusion reactions, uses 1,000 metric tons of
heavy water in a 12-meter-diameter acrylic vessel. Distinguished guests for
the subterranean festivities include Stephen Hawking, John Bahcall, and
Nobel laureate Bertram Brockhouse. If you didn't get your invitation, you
can still participate by watching the events live on the Internet.
BOWER AWARDS
On April 30th, Sir Martin Rees, Great Britain's Astronomer Royal, will be
honored with the 1998 Bower Award and Prize in Science from Philadelphia's
Franklin Institute. The prize of $250,000 is given annually to "a
distinguished scientist for outstanding work in the life or physical
sciences." The Institute also honored John C. Diebel, founder and chief
executive of Meade Instruments Corp., with the Bower Award for Business
Leadership. He was cited for "his courage, insight, and leadership of a
commercial venture founded on the premise of making astronomy accessible
and affordable to the public." The business award carries no cash prize.
VENUS AND JUPITER ARE OCCULTED TOGETHER
If you were lucky for clear morning skies earlier in the week, you may have
witnessed the conjunction of Venus and Jupiter. The pair was joined by the
waning crescent Moon on the morning of April 23rd. Even luckier observers
in parts of Africa and southern Asia watched as the Moon occulted both
Jupiter and Venus. Olivier Staiger journeyed to Ascension Island off the
coast of Africa to see the event. According to Jean Meeus, there are 13
double occultations of bright planets between the years 1600 and 2200.
(This does not include Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.) The most recent was of
Mars and Jupiter on February 8, 1951. The next will include Mercury and
Mars on February 13, 2056.
NAME A SPACECRAFT
NASA and the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) Science Center are
sponsoring a contest to name AXAF, the third of NASA's "Great
Observatories." The names Edwin P. Hubble and Arthur H. Compton are
associated with AXAF's predecessors, the Hubble Space Telescope and the
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. But officials have yet to christen AXAF,
which is currently slated for a December 1998 Space Shuttle launch. The
winner will enjoy an expenses-paid trip to see the satellite take off from
NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Contest rules are available on the World Wide
Web at http://asc.harvard.edu/contest.html, by phone at 617-496-7941, or by
writing to AXAF Contest, AXAF Science Center, Office of Education and
Public Outreach, 60 Garden St., MS 83, Cambridge, MA 02138. You can also
address queries to contest@cfa.harvard.edu by electronic mail. Entries are
due by June 30th.
THIS WEEK'S "SKY AT A GLANCE"
Some daily events in the changing sky, from the editors of SKY & TELESCOPE.
APRIL 26 -- SUNDAY
* New Moon (exact at 7:41 a.m. EDT).
APRIL 27 -- MONDAY
* Early Tuesday morning the faint asteroid 1243 Pamela will occult an
8.2-magnitude star in Sagittarius for up to 9 seconds as seen from the central
U.S. The occultation should happen around 8:51 Universal Time near the
Mississippi Delta (3:51 a.m. Central Daylight Time), and around 8:54 UT in
Michigan. See the finder chart in the April Sky & Telescope, page 94, or at
http://www.skypub.com/occults/occults.html.
APRIL 28 -- TUESDAY
* The thin waxing crescent Moon occults the 1st-magnitude star Aldebaran in
broad daylight today for much of North America. The Moon will be only 30
degrees east of the Sun, so it may not be easy to find even with a wide-field
telescope unless the air is very clear. For a timetable see the January Sky &
Telescope, page 97, or http://www.skypub.com/occults/lunocc98.html.
* After the Sun sets, Aldebaran can be easily seen shining below or to the
lower right of the Moon in the western sky.
APRIL 29 -- WEDNESDAY
* Early on Thursday morning, the oddly shaped asteroid 216 Kleopatra will
occult a 10.8-magnitude star in Scutum for up to 16 seconds. Observers in the
Northeast have the best chance to see this event. You may need an 8- or
10-inch telescope to keep the faint star in steady view. Kleopatra displayed a
silhouette almost four times longer than wide during a 1991 occultation that
was timed by 10 amateurs (see Sky & Telescope for January 1992, page 73), so
interest in this event is high. A finder chart is in the April Sky &
Telescope, page 94, and at http://www.skypub.com/occults/occults.html.
APRIL 30 -- THURSDAY
* The crescent Moon shines this evening in the feet of Gemini in the western
sky. High above the Moon are Gemini's head stars, Pollux and Castor. A similar
distance to the Moon's left is Procyon.
MAY 1 -- FRIDAY
* This evening the Moon is almost midway between Pollux (to its upper right)
and Procyon (to its lower left).
MAY 2 -- SATURDAY
* Binoculars show the Beehive star cluster, M44 in Cancer, about 5 degrees
to the right of the Moon this evening.
============================
THIS WEEK'S PLANET ROUNDUP
============================
MERCURY is barely above the eastern horizon as dawn brightens. It's far to
the lower left of Venus and Jupiter.
VENUS shines brightly low in the east-southeast during dawn, with Jupiter
just to its upper right. Venus is 7 times brighter than Jupiter. They're
moving apart by about 1 degree per day.
MARS is hidden behind the glare of the Sun.
JUPITER appears close to Venus in the east-southeast during dawn; see above.
SATURN is hidden behind the glare of the Sun.
URANUS and NEPTUNE, magnitudes 6 and 8, respectively, are in Capricornus low
in the southeast just before dawn. See the finder chart in the May Sky &
Telescope, page 96.
PLUTO, magnitude 13.8, is near the Ophiuchus-Scorpius border. It's well up
in the southeast by midnight. A finder chart is in the May Sky & Telescope,
page 97.
(All descriptions that relate to the horizon or zenith are written for the
world's midnorthern latitudes. Descriptions that also depend on longitude
are for North America. Eastern Daylight Time, EDT, equals Universal Time
minus 4 hours.)
More details, sky maps, and news of other celestial events appear each month
in SKY & TELESCOPE, the essential magazine of astronomy. See our Web site at
http://www.skypub.com/. Clear skies!
SKY & TELESCOPE, P.O. Box 9111, Belmont, MA 02178 * 617-864-7360 (voice)
Copyright 1998 Sky Publishing Corporation. S&T's Weekly News Bulletin and
Sky at a Glance stargazing calendar are provided as a service to the
astronomical community by the editors of SKY & TELESCOPE magazine.
Widespread electronic distribution is encouraged as long as these paragraphs
are included. But the text of the bulletin and calendar may not be
published in any other form without permission from Sky Publishing (contact
permissions@skypub.com or phone 617-864-7360). Illustrated versions,
including active links to related Internet resources, are available via SKY
Online on the World Wide Web at http://www.skypub.com/.
In response to numerous requests, and in cooperation with the Astronomical
League (http://www.mcs.net/~bstevens/al/) and the American Association of
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Sky at a Glance are available via electronic mailing list too. For a free
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SKY & TELESCOPE, the Essential Magazine of Astronomy, is read by more than
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=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: NASA's Commercial Remote Sensing Program Aids In Highway Planning
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Don Nolan-Proxmire
Headquarters, Washington, DC April 24, 1998
(Phone: 202/358-1983)
Lanee Cooksey
Stennis Space Center, MS
(Phone: 228/688-1957)
RELEASE: 98-69
NASA'S COMMERCIAL REMOTE SENSING PROGRAM AIDS IN HIGHWAY PLANNING
The Commercial Remote Sensing Program at NASA's Stennis
Space Center, MS, recently applied its comprehensive remote
sensing capabilities to highway routing plans for the
Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT).
The highway, a connecting route between Hernando, MS,
and Collierville, TN, is still being planned but by using
remote sensing, the time needed for planning may be significantly
reduced while the quality of the route may be enhanced.
Remote sensing -- the observation of the surface of the
Earth from distant vantage points, usually from sensors
mounted on aircraft or satellites -- provides images to make
detailed maps of selected study areas.
The remotely sensed images gathered for the MDOT project
were used to form a highly accurate, digital map database to
determine the best route for a highway. By having a synoptic
view of the proposed route, planners can determine what
transportation infrastructure, buildings, industrial
facilities, water bodies, farmlands, forests, wetlands and
geological features are present.
The project began in October 1997 when supervisors from
the Mississippi Department of Transportation visited Stennis
and viewed a demonstration of possible applications of remote
sensing for transportation issues. Richard Campanella of
Lockheed Martin Stennis Operations, part of the team that
worked on the project, was present at that demonstration.
"They (MDOT) were interested in researching new techniques to
do their job better," Campanella said. "NASA was interested
in extending remote sensing technology to the state agencies
for the benefit of the state."
After a meeting with MDOT engineers that outlined their
requirements, a prototype model was designed to help select
the optimal highway route. Campanella, working with Jim
Johnson of the Institute for Technology Development -
Spectral Visions, took the engineers' requirements, and
transformed them into data sets that would be integrated into
a Geographic Information System model.
This provided an analysis and visualization tool that
allowed viewing and modelling of the 20-mile by 5-mile area
under consideration. The model contained about a dozen
layers of criteria that influence route planning: utility
corridors, civic structures, natural deposits, water bodies,
flood zones, homes and businesses, wetlands and farmlands.
One advantage that remote sensing presents in transportation
planning is the reduction in time. By doing the preliminary
planning with the computer model, what used to take at least
a year can now take as little as a few months.
"The success of this model demonstrates the usefulness
of remote sensing in the planning of roadways and other
elements of our transportation infrastructure," said Tom
Stanley with the Commercial Remote Sensing Program at
Stennis. "Transportation projects using this technology will
be implemented more quickly at less cost to the public. Use
of remote sensing also can balance environmental and other
considerations that can cause enormous delays to a project."
Campanella is quick to point out that models will not
replace people in the field conducting the survey work. "At
the actual site engineering level, you will always need
surveyors in the field collecting highly accurate field
data," Campanella said. "Remote sensing can be used to
support those field crews to make sure the area they're
characterizing is the optimal route for the road."
-end-
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=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Mars Global Surveyor Update - March 24, 1998
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MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR MISSION STATUS
April 24, 1998
The Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft has completed the last
of three attempts to image the Cydonia region of Mars, the two
Viking lander sites and the Mars Pathfinder landing site.
Global Surveyor captured the final image of Cydonia as the
spacecraft passed over the area at a distance of about 392
kilometers (244 miles). The images contain additional portions
of "The City," a locale sporting a variety of geological features
sometimes identified as "mounds," the "city square," the
"pyramid" and the "fortress." This area, photographed more than
20 years ago by the Viking orbiters, has been of public interest
because it is adjacent to the so-called "Face on Mars."
The images are posted on JPL's Mars news site at
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/marsnews, on the Mars Global Surveyor
project home page at http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov, and on NASA's
Planetary Photojournal site at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov.
The spacecraft also captured the Mars Pathfinder landing
site in Ares Vallis after missing it during the first two imaging
opportunities. The data strips are being processed and the exact
location of the lander is being determined. A low resolution
image of the site will be available by the end of the day. Raw
data indicated that the lander was not visible due to a thick
haze, although familiar landmarks close to the landing site, such
as Twin Peaks, were visible.
The Viking 1 lander in Chryse Planitia was not identified in
images of that site, possibly due to imprecise coordinates used
to locate the landing site. Winter weather in the northern
hemisphere and heavy cloud cover prevented a view of the Viking 2
lander in Utopia Planitia, as had been the case in the first two
sets of images.
Mars Global Surveyor is currently in a fixed 11.5-hour orbit
around Mars, coming as close as 170 kilometers (106 miles) during
each looping orbit. The spacecraft will be gathering science
data during most of its five-month pause in aerobraking. Further
imaging of the Cydonia region and Viking/Pathfinder landing sites
will not be feasible during the remainder of the aerobraking
hiatus, however. Mars will shortly pass behind the Sun from
Earth's point of view, degrading communications with the orbiter.
After that, lighting conditions will not be favorable for imaging
Cydonia or the Viking/Pathfinder landing sites. In September, the
spacecraft will resume aerobraking to lower and circularize its
orbit for the start of the mapping mission in March 1999.
#####
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: This Week on Galileo - April 27 - May 3, 1998
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
THIS WEEK ON GALILEO
April 27 - May 3, 1998
Many different activities are on Galileo's to-do list this week as the
spacecraft passes through apojove (the furthest distance from Jupiter for
each orbit) and starts heading back toward Jupiter again. Processing and
transmission to Earth of science information, also known as playback,
continues throughout the week. Included on this week's schedule is data from
Europa, Ganymede, Io and Callisto. Playback of data stored on the onboard
tape recorder is interrupted several times this week to perform important
navigation and engineering activities.
On this week's playback schedule, we find information collected by the
spacecraft's camera, or solid-state imaging subsystem (SSI), the near
infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) and the photopolarimeter radiometer
(PPR). Europa information that is retrieved this week includes data on the
materials, obtained by NIMS, and temperatures, obtained by PPR, that are
found on its surface. Global views of Europa, by SSI and NIMS, are also
processed and transmitted to Earth.
A global view of Ganymede obtained by SSI is returned to Earth this week.
The image is expected to provide more information on the radius, shape,
color and photometry of the satellite. Remember that photometry is the
measurement of light intensity and it helps to identify different materials.
The image is also expected to tell scientists whether frost on the surface
of Ganymede is mobile enough to be noticed at a global scale. SSI also
returns an image of Io obtained while in eclipse. Due to the lack of
sunlight, these types of images have proven to be the best way to discover
and monitor lava temperatures and interactions of plumes from Io with Io's
atmosphere and Jupiter's magnetic and electric field environment. Finally,
NIMS returns a global map of Callisto. Together with an observation planned
for May 1999, the information gathered from this observation is expected to
shed some light on open questions regarding differences in materials found
in different regions of Callisto.
Engineering and navigation activities are initiated this week when the
spacecraft performs regular maintenance on its onboard tape recorder. On
Thursday, the spacecraft will perform a flight path correction in
preparation for its next encounters with Europa and Jupiter in late May.
Regular maintenance of the spacecraft's propulsion system is performed on
Friday. And on Sunday, the flight team will transmit commands to the
spacecraft to change onboard attitude control software. The changes to the
software will allow the attitude control computer to, on its own, interpret
the anomalous behavior of the gyroscopes. Back here on Earth, the behavior
of the gyroscopes will continue to be monitored and updates to the onboard
software will be made as required.
For more information on the Galileo spacecraft and its mission to Jupiter,
please visit the Galileo home page:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - April 26, 1998 [1/6]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
Welcome to the Space Calendar!
This Space Calendar covers space-related activities and anniversaries
for the upcoming year. It is also available on the World Wide Web at:
http://newproducts.jpl.nasa.gov/calendar/
The WWW version of the Space Calendar includes over 1,000 links to related
home pages.
This calendar is compiled and maintained by Ron Baalke. Please send any
updates or corrections to baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov. Note that launch dates
are subject to change at any time. Also, note that anniversary dates are
listed in 5 year increments only.
The following people have contributed to this month's calendar:
Philippe Berthe, F. Cerarca, Timothy Adam, Joao Clerigo, Jens Dengler,
Hans Tremmel, Tim Judge, Martin Ratcliffe, Ralph Ballweg
=========================
SPACE CALENDAR
April 26, 1998
=========================
* indicates changes from last month's calendar.
April 1998
Apr 26 - Cassini, 1st Venus Flyby
* Apr 26 - Iridium 9 Delta 2 Launch
Apr 26 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 JQ1 at Opposition (41.980 AU - 23.3
Magnitude)
Apr 26 - 5th Anniversary (1993), Discovery of Asteroid 7066 Nessus by
Spacewatch
Apr 26 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-55 Launch (Columbia), Spacelab D2
Apr 26 - 150th Anniversary (1848), Graham's Discovery of Asteroid 9 Metis
Apr 27-May 03 - Astronomy Week
Apr 28 - Islamic New Year
Apr 28 - Nilesat-1/BSAT-1B Ariane 4 Launch
Apr 28 - Asteroid 1243 Pamela Occults SAO 162175 (8.2 Magnitude Star)
Apr 28 - Eugene Shoemaker's 70th Birthday (1928)
Apr 29 - Asteroid 191 Kolga Occults SAO 95322 (8.0 Magnitude Star)
Apr 30 - Iridium 3 Long March 2C/SD Launch
Apr 30 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #46 (OTM-46)
Apr 30 - Asteroid 32 Pomona at Opposition (10.2 Magnitude)
Apr 30 - Asteroid 216 Kleopatra Occults GSC 56961723 (10.8 Magnitude Star)
* Apr 30 - Asteroid 1998 HM1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.021 AU)
* Apr 30 - Asteroid 6577 (1978 VB6) Closest Approach To Earth (1.113 AU)
May 1998
May ?? - Sinosat 1 Long March 3B Launch
May ?? - Ziyuan-1 Long March 4A Launch (China)
* May ?? - EchoStar 4 Proton Launch
May 01 - Comet Klemola Perihelion (1.755 AU)
* May 01 - Asteroid 7117 Claudius Closest Approach To Earth (1.071 AU)
* May 01 - Asteroid 6832 (1992 FP) Closest Approach To Earth (1.658 AU)
May 02 - Astronomy Day
* May 02 - Space Shuttle Columbia Returns To Earth (STS-90
May 02 - Chinastar-1 Long March 3B Launch (China)
May 02 - Comet Denning Near-Jupiter Flyby (0.3389 AU)
May 03 - 2060 Chiron at Oppositon (7.937 AU - 15.9 Magnitude)
May 04 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation (26.5 Degrees)
* May 04 - Asteroid 4248 (1984 HX) Closest Approach To Earch (1.525 AU)
May 05 - ORBCOMM-3 Pegasus XL Launch
* May 05 - Progress M-40 Soyuz U Launch (Russia)
May 05 - Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
May 05 - Comet Barnard 3 Perihelion (Lost Comet)
May 05 - Asteroid 7088 Ishtar Closest Approach To Earth (1.349 AU)
May 05 - Asteroid 8405 (1995 GO) Closest Approach To Earth (9.147 AU - 19.0
Magnitude)
* May 06 - Milstar-3 Titan 4B Launch
May 07 - Asteroid 1992 TB Near-Earth Flyby (0.384 AU)
May 09 - Asteroid 16 Psyche at Opposition (10.4 Magnitude)
May 09 - Asteroid 4487 Pocahontas Closest Approch To Earth (1.121 AU)
* May 10 - Asteroid 1998 HK1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.272 AU)
* May 10 - Asteroid 1990 Pilcher Closest Approach To Earth (1.063 AU)
May 12 - Mercury Passes 0.8 Degrees From Saturn
May 12 - Asteroid 3103 Eger Closest Approach To Earth (1.713 AU)
May 13 - NOAA-K Titan 2 Launch
May 13 - Asteroid 25 Phocaea Occults SAO 139602 (8.3 Magnitude Star)
May 13 - Asteroid 664 Judith Closest Approach To Earth (1.598 AU)
May 13 - Asteroid 3758 Karttunen Closest Approach To Earth (1.624 AU)
May 14 - Cassini, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #4 (TCM-4)
May 14 - Comet Howell Closest Approach To Earth (1.065 AU)
May 14 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Skylab Launch
* May 15 - Progress-238 Soyuz U Launch (Russia)
* May 15 - Asteroid 4629 Walford Closest Approach To Earth (1.608 AU)
May 15 - 35th Anniversary (1963), Faith 7 Launch (Gordon Cooper)
* May 16 - Loralsat 1 Ariane 4 Launch
* May 18 - PanamSat-8 Proton Launch
* May 20 - IKONOS-1 Athena 2 Launch
May 20 - Moon Occults Jupiter
* May 20 - Asteroid 1987 WC Closest Approach To Earch (0.510 AU)
* May 20 - Asteroid 6693 (1986 CC2) Closest Approach To Earth (1.808 AU)
May 20 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Pioneer Venus Orbiter Launch
May 21 - Space Day
May 21 - Comet 1997 G2 (Montani) Closest Approach To Earth (2.870 AU)
May 21 - Asteroid 1994 JF1 Closest Approach To Earth (0.581 AU)
May 21 - Asteroid 1990 VB Closest Approach To Earth (1.767 AU)
* May 22 - Venus Visible In Daylight (-3.9 Magnitude)
May 25 - Asteroid 1997 US9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.283 AU)
* May 25 - Asteroid 6493 Cathybennett Closest Approach To Earth (1.230 AU)
* May 25 - Asteroid 6587 Brassens Closest Approach To Earth (1.567 AU)
May 25 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Skylab 2 Launch
May 26 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Exosat Launch (ESA X-Ray Observatory)
May 27 - Asteroid 1917 Cuyo Closest Approach To Earth (1.827 AU)
May 27 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 JS at Opposition (34.301 AU - 23.4
Magnitude)
May 28 - STS-91 Launch, Discovery, 9th Shuttle-Mir Docking
May 28 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #47 (OTM-47)
May 28 - Venus Passes 0.3 Degrees From Saturn
* May 28 - Pluto at Opposition
May 28 - Asteroid 1995 UO5 Closest Approach To Earth (0.415 AU)
* May 29 - Iridium 10 Delta 2 Launch
May 29 - Asteroid 7025 (1993 QA) Closest Approach To Earth (0.832 AU)
May 29 - Asteroid 1994 VR6 Closest Approach To Earth (1.392 AU)
May 29 - Asteroid 2430 Bruce Helin Closest Approach To Earth (1.455 AU)
May 30 - Asteroid 1997 UF9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.385 AU)
May 30-31 - Jet Propulsion Lab Open House, Pasadena, California
May 31 - Galileo, Europa 15 Flyby
* May 31 - ORBCOMM-2 Pegasus XL Launch
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - April 26, 1998 [2/6]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
June 1998
Jun ?? - SCD-2 Pegasus XL Launch
Jun 01 - Asteroid 2063 Bacchus Closest Approach To Earth (1.307 AU)
* Jun 02 - Asteroid 6252 Montevideo Closest Approach To Earth (1.835 AU)
Jun 02 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 JR1 at Opposition (33.748 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Jun 02 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Venera 15 Launch (Soviet Venus Orbiter)
Jun 04 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #48 (OTM-48)
Jun 04 - Asteroid 5066 Garradd Closest Approach to Earth (0.839 AU)
Jun 04 - Asteroid 1995 YV3 Closest Approach to Earth (2.840 AU - 19.7
Magnitude)
Jun 05 - Mercury Passes 0.3 Degrees From Mars
* Jun 05 - Asteroid 1995 WQ5 Closest Approach to Earth (1.706 AU)
Jun 06 - Asteroid 6 Hebe at Opposition (9.4 Magnitude)
Jun 06 - Asteroid 1994 PN Closest Approach to Earth (1.194 AU)
Jun 07 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Venera 16 Launch (Soviet Venus Orbiter)
Jun 08 - Asteroid 1993 BW2 Closest Approach to Earth (0.809 AU)
Jun 08 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 KV1 at Opposition (40.176 AU - 23.1
Magnitude)
Jun 09 - Thor 3 Delta 2 Launch
Jun 09 - Asteroid 4183 Cuno Near-Earth Flyby (0.2079 AU)
Jun 09 - Mercury at Perihelion
Jun 10 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Explorer 49 Launch (Moon Orbiter)
Jun 11 - Asteroid 5370 Taranis Closest Approach To Earth (1.450 AU)
* Jun 11 - Asteroid 4166 Pontryagin Closest Appoarch To Earth (1.673 AU)
Jun 12 - Intelsat 805 Atlas IIAS Launch
* Jun 13 - Asteroid 4088 (1986 GG) Closest Approach To Earth (1.359 AU)
Jun 14 - Asteroid 18 Melpomene at Opposition (9.6 Magnitude)
Jun 15 - Asteroid 211 Isolda Occults PPM 195267 (9.5 Magnitude Star)
Jun 15 - 10th Anniversary (1988), First Flight of the Ariane-4 Rocket
Jun 16 - 35th Anniversary (1963), Vostok 6 Launch (1st Woman in Space)
Jun 17 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Jun 17 - Asteroid 1994 AH2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.1930 AU)
Jun 17 - Mercury Occults 78331 (6.5 Magnitude Star)
* Jun 17 - Asteroid 3874 Stuart Closest Approach To Earth (1.553 AU)
Jun 18 - Asteroid 59 Elpis Occults PPM 203414 (9.6 Magnitude Star)
Jun 18 - 15th Anniversary (1983), STS-7 Launch (Challenger), Anik C2,
Palapa B1, 1st American Woman In Space (Sally Ride)
Jun 20 - FGB (Functional Cargo Block) Proton-K Launch (Element
of the International Space Station)
Jun 20 - Asteroid 72 Feronia at Opposition (11.0 Magnitude)
Jun 21 - Summer Solstice, 14:03 UT
* Jun 21 - Asteroid 5660 (1974 MA) Closest Approach To Earth (0.936 AU)
* Jun 21 - Asteroid 1988 PF1 Closest Approach To Earth (1.516 AU)
Jun 21 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-57 Launch (Endeavour), Spacehab-1,
EURECA
Jun 22 - Galaxy 10 Delta 3 Launch
* Jun 22 - Moon Occults Aldebaran During Daytime
Jun 22 - Asteroid 1995 LG Closest Approach to Earth (0.909 AU)
Jun 22 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Discovery of Charon (Pluto's Moon)
Jun 23 - Asteroid 1290 Albertine Closest Approach to Earth (1.487 AU)
Jun 25 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #49 (OTM-49)
Jun 25 - Asteroid 92 Undina at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Jun 26 - Mars Occults 77221 (8.0 Magnitude Star)
* Jun 27 - Asteroid 4769 Castalia Closest Approach To Earth (1.232 AU)
* Jun 27 - Asteroid 3607 Naniwa Closest Approach To Earth (1.361 AU)
Jun 27 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Seasat 1 Launch
* Jun 29 - Asteroid 3700 Geowilliams Closest Approach to Earth (1.924 AU)
Jun 29 - George Hale's 130th Birthday (1868)
Jun 30 - Asteroid 1990 HA Closest Approach to Earth (1.478 AU)
Jun 30 - 90th Anniversary (1908), Tunguska Explosion
July 1998
Jul ?? - Celestis-03 Pegasus XL Launch
* Jul 01 - Asteroid 6748 (1995 UV30) Closest Approach to Earth (1.066 AU)
Jul 04 - Earth at Aphelion (1.017 AU From Sun)
Jul 04 - Henrietta Leavitt's 130th Birthday (1868)
Jul 05 - Asteroid 4953 (1990 MU) Closest Approach to Earth (0.615 AU)
Jul 05 - Asteroid 1992 JB Closest Approach to Earth (0.872 AU)
Jul 09 - STS-88 Launch, Endeavour, 1st Space Station Assembly Flight
Jul 09 - Asteroid 1862 Apollo Near-Earth Flyby (0.339 AU)
Jul 10 - Asteroid 7 Iris at Opposition (8.6 Magnitude)
Jul 12 - Comet Arend-Rigaux Perihelion (1.371 AU)
Jul 12 - 10th Anniversary (1988), Phobos 2 Launch (Soviet Mars Orbiter)
Jul 14 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Jul 15 - Asteroid 1993 PB Closest Approach to Earth (0.590 AU)
Jul 15 - Asteroid 3551 Verenia Closest Approach to Earth (0.794 AU)
* Jul 15 - Asteroid 6708 Bobbievaile Closest Approach To Earth (1.002 AU)
Jul 16 - GPS IIR-3 Delta 2 Launch
Jul 16 - Comet Arend-Rigaux Closest Approach to Earth (2.354 AU)
Jul 17 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation (27 Degrees)
Jul 17 - Asteroid 432 Pythia at Opposition (10.9 Magnitude)
Jul 17 - Comet Russell 3 Closest Approach to Earth (1.941 AU)
Jul 18 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #50 (OTM-50)
* Jul 18 - Asteroid 6460 Bassano Closest Approach To Earth (1.481 AU)
* Jul 19 - Asteroid 6232 1985 SJ3 Closest Approach To Earth (0.963 AU)
* Jul 19 - Asteroid 4295 Wisse Closest Approach To Earth (1.165 AU)
Jul 20 - Asteroid 43 Ariadne at Opposition (9.1 Magnitude)
Jul 20 - Comet Shoemaker 1 Closest Approach to Earth (1.897 AU)
Jul 21 - Galileo, Europa 16 Flyby
Jul 21 - Asteroid 59 Elpis Occults TAC -106880 (11.1 Magnitude)
* Jul 21 - Asteroid 4644 Oumu Closest Approach To Earth (1.375 AU)
Jul 21 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Mars 4 Launch (USSR Mars Flyby Mission)
* Jul 23 - Neptune at Opposition
* Jul 23 - Asteroid 6682 (1973 ST3) Closest Approach To Earth (1.484 AU)
Jul 25 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #51 (OTM-51)
Jul 25 - DOD US Air Force Titan 4 Launch
* Jul 25 - Asteroid 4021 Dancey Closest Approach To Earth (1.143 AU)
Jul 25 - Asteroid 3553 Mera Closest Approach To Earth (1.407 AU)
Jul 25 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Mars 5 Launch (USSR Mars Orbiter Mission)
* Jul 26 - Asteroid 6742 Biandepei Closest Approach To Earth (1.052 AU)
Jul 26 - 35th Anniversary (1963), Syncom 2 Launch, 1st Geosynchronous
Satellite
Jul 28 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Skylab-3 Launch
Jul 29 - South Delta-Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - April 26, 1998 [3/6]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
August 1998
Aug ?? - Sky One Atlas IIAS Launch
* Aug 01 - Wind Glove Pegasus XL Launch
Aug 01 - Alpha Capricornids Meteor Shower Peak
Aug 01 - Asteroid 980 Anacostia at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Aug 01 - Asteroid 1474 Beira Closest Approach to Earth (1.788 AU)
Aug 01 - Maria Mitchell's 180th Birthday (1818)
Aug 02 - Asteroid 29 Amphitrite at Opposition (9.2 Magnitude)
Aug 02 - Asteroid 490 Veritas Occults TAC -214637 (11.2 Magnitude Star)
Aug 02 - Asteroid 1993 OZ2 Closest Approach to Earth (1.096 AU)
* Aug 03 - Uranus at Opposition
Aug 03 - Asteroid 13 Egeria at Opposition (10.9 Magnitude)
Aug 04 - Venus Passes 0.8 Degrees From Mars
Aug 04 - Asteroid 7341 (1991 VK) Closest Approach to Earth (1.638 AU)
Aug 05 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Mars 6 Launch (USSR)
Aug 06 - Planet B Launch (Japan Mars Mission)
Aug 06 - Southern Iota Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
Aug 06 - Asteroid 1998 EC3 Closest Approach to Earth (0.455 AU)
* Aug 07 - Asteroid 1989 OB Closest Approach to Earth (0.855 AU)
Aug 07 - Asteroid 1997 GZ3 Closest Approach to Earth (1.500 AU)
Aug 08 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Pioneer Venus 2 Launch (Venus Atmospheric
Probes)
Aug 09 - Asteroid 71 Niobe at Opposition (10.6 Magnitude)
* Aug 09 - Asteroid 4618 Shakhovskoj Closest Approach To Earth (1.506 AU)
Aug 09 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Mars 7 Launch (USSR)
Aug 10 - Venus Occults 79782 (6.9 Magnitude Star)
Aug 10 - Asteroid 4886 (1981 EZ14) Closest Approach to Earth (2.113 AU)
Aug 11 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Aug 11 - Comet Peters-Hartley Perihelion (1.624 AU)
Aug 12 - Perseids Meteor Shower Peak
Aug 12 - 20th Anniversary (1978), ISEE-3/ICE Launch (Comet Mission)
* Aug 13 - NEAR, 1st Optical Navigation Image Of Eros
* Aug 13 - 100th Anniversary (1898), Discovery of Asteroid Eros
Aug 14 - Asteroid 576 Emanuela Occults TAC +115897 (10.2 Magnitude Star)
Aug 15 - Comet C/1997 J2 Meunier-Dupouy Closest Approach to Earth (2.494 AU)
Aug 17 - Comet Mueller 3 Closest Approach to Earth (2.209 AU)
Aug 18 - 5th Anniversary (1993), 1st Test Flight of the Delta Clipper (DC-X)
Aug 19 - Asteroid 1987 OA Near-Earth Flyby (0.1019 AU)
Aug 19 - Asteroid 3199 Nefertiti Closest Approach to Earth (0.916 AU)
Aug 19 - Asteroid 7350 (1993 VA) Closest Approach to Earth (1.414 AU)
Aug 21 - Asteroid 469 Argentina Occults SAO 210535 (9.1 Magnitude Star)
* Aug 22 - Eutelsat W1/Sirius-3 Ariane 4 Launch
* Aug 22 - JCSat 6 Atlas IIAS Launch
Aug 22 - Annular Eclipse, Visible From Indian Ocean
* Aug 22 - Asteroid 4034 (1986 PA) Near-Earth Flyby (0.327 AU)
Aug 23 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #52 (OTM-52)
Aug 24 - Asteroid 354 Eleonora at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Aug 25 - Comet Shoemaker-Levy 7 Perihelion (1.697 AU)
Aug 25 - Comet Russell 1 Perihelion (2.182 AU)
Aug 25 - Northern Iota Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
Aug 26 - Panamsat-7 Ariane 4 Launch
* Aug 26 - NEAR, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #14 (TCM-14)
Aug 27 - Mercury Passes 2.2 Degrees From Venus
* Aug 27 - Uranus Occults PPM 237981 (9.5 Magnitude Star)
Aug 28 - Asteroid 1036 Ganymed Occults TAC +541187 (9.9 Magnitude Star)
Aug 28 - 5th Anniversary (1993), Galileo Flyby of Ida
Aug 30 - Venus Occults 98676 (8.0 Magnitude Star)
Aug 30 - 15th Anniversary (1983), STS-8 Launch (Challenger), Insat 1B
Aug 31 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation (18 Degrees)
* Aug 31 - Asteroid 1998 FF14 Near-Earth Flyby (0.372 AU)
September 1998
Sep ?? - CRSS-2 Athena 2 Launch
Sep ?? - JawSat Minuteman II Launch
* Sep ?? - IKONOS 2 Launch
Sep 05 - Mercury at Perihelion
* Sep 05 - Jupiter Occults PPM 207856 (9.9 Magnitude Star)
Sep 06 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 RR20 at Opposition (42.449 AU - 23.4
Magnitude)
Sep 06 - 10th Anniversary (1988), 1st Launch of the CZ-4 Launcher (China)
Sep 07 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Sep 07 - Venus at Perihelion
Sep 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 RT5 at Opposition (41.272 AU - 23.2
Magnitude)
Sep 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 RX9 at Opposition (40.912 AU - 24.2
Magnitude)
Sep 09 - Asteroid 45 Eugenia Occults GSC 12820410 (10.9 Magnitude Star)
Sep 09 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Venera 11 Launch (Soviet Venus Lander)
Sep 10 - Asteroid 804 Hispania at Opposition (10.6 Magnitude)
Sep 10 - Asteroid 1036 Ganymed Occults TAC +491415 (10. Magnitude Star)
Sep 10 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 QY9 at Opposition (28.506 AU - 21.6
Magnitude)
Sep 11 - ARD/Hot Bird 5 Ariane-503 Launch
Sep 11 - Mercury Passes 0.3 Degrees From Venus
* Sep 12 - Asteroid 1994 TW1 Closest Approach to Earth (1.515 AU)
Sep 12 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-51 Launch (Discovery), ACTS
Sep 14 - GPS IIR-4 Delta 2 Launch
Sep 14 - Mercury Occults 118535 (7.8 Magnitude Star)
Sep 14 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Zond 5 Launch (Soviet Moon Mission)
Sep 14 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Venera 12 Launch (Soviet Venus Lander)
Sep 16 - Jupiter at Opposition
Sep 15 - EOS-1 Atlas IIAS Launch
Sep 16 - Asteroid 2 Pallas at Opposition (8.2 Magnitude)
* Sep 18 - Afristar/Skynet-4E Ariane 4 Launch
Sep 18 - Asteroid 1991 RB Near-Earth Flyby (0.0401 AU)
* Sep 19 - UHF-F9 Atlas 2A Launch
Sep 19 - Moon Occults Venus
Sep 19 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 QH4 at Opposition (40.320 AU - 22.6
Magnitude)
Sep 19 - 10th Anniversary (1988), Offeq-1 Launch, 1st Israeli Space Launch
Sep 19 - 150th Anniversary (1848), William Bond's Discovery of Saturn Moon
Hyperion
Sep 20 - Moon Occults Mercury
Sep 20 - Asteroid 1998 FL3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.050 AU)
Sep 20 - Asteroid 5786 Talos Closest Approach to Earth (0.943 AU)
Sep 20 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 QJ4 at Opposition (33.804 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Sep 20 - 5th Anniversary (1993), 1st Launch of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
(PSLV - India)
Sep 22 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 TX8 at Opposition (31.047 AU - 23.1
Magnitude)
Sep 22 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TO66 at Opposition (44.834 AU - 20.6
Magnitude)
Sep 23 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #53 (OTM-53)
Sep 23 - Autumnal Equinox, 05:37 UT
Sep 23 - Kuiper Belt Object 1993 RO at Opposition (30.492 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Sep 25 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 TB at Opposition (29.128 AU - 21.8
Magnitude)
Sep 26 - Galileo, Europa 17 Flyby
Sep 26 - 5th Anniversary (1993), Posat 1 Launch, 1st Portuguese Satellite
Sep 26 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Soviet Soyuz T-10A Explodes on Launch Pad,
Cosmonauts Save By Launch Escape System
Sep 27 - Comet Howell Perihelion (1.406 AU)
* Sep 27 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 RL13 at Opposition (43.517 AU - 26.0
Magnitude)
* Sep 28 - Wide Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) Pegasus XL Launch
Sep 29 - Asteroid 521 Brixia at Opposition (11.0 Magnitude)
Sep 29 - Kuiper Belt Object 1993 SC at Opposition (33.640 AU - 22.4
Magnitude)
Sep 29 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TK66 at Opposition (41.873 AU - 23.3
Magnitude)
Sep 29 - 10th Anniversary (1988), STS-26 Launch (Discovery), TDRS 3, 1st
Post-Challenger Shuttle Mission
Sep 30 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #54 (OTM-54)
Sep 30 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TR66 at Opposition (34.448 AU - 23.0
Magnitude)
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - April 26, 1998 [4/6]
Привет всем!
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October 1998
* Oct ?? - Fengyun-1C Long March 4A Launch (China)
Oct 01 - Orion F3 Delta 3 Launch
Oct 01 - Asteroid 236 Honoria at Opposition (10.5 Magnitude)
Oct 01 - Kuiper Belt Object 1992 QB1 at Opposition (39.906 AU - 23.1
Magnitude)
Oct 01 - NASA's 40th Birthday (1958)
Oct 04 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Oct 04 - Asteroid 185 Eunike at Opposition (10.9 Magnitude)
Oct 04 - Asteroid 532 Herculina at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Oct 04 - Kuiper Belt Object 1993 SB at Opposition (30.112 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Oct 05 - Asteroid 14 Irene at Opposition (10.6 Magnitude)
Oct 06 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 RQ20 at Opposition (38.550 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Oct 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 SZ10 at Opposition (30.617 AU - 23.5
Magnitude)
Oct 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 QZ9 at Opposition (33.987 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Oct 08 - Ejnar Hertzsprung's 125th Birthday (1873)
Oct 09 - Draconids Meteor Shower Peak
Oct 09 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 SZ4 at Opposition (29.285 AU - 22.7
Magnitude)
Oct 10 - Comet McNaught-Hughes Closest Approach to Earth (1.707 AU)
Oct 10 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Venera 15 Venus Orbit Insertion
* Oct 11 - Asteroid 1998 FR11 Near-Earth Flyby (0.346 AU)
Oct 11 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Apollo 7 Launch
Oct 11 - Wilhelm Olbers' 240th Birthday (1758)
Oct 13 - British Interplanetary Society's 65th Birthday (1933)
* Oct 14 - Insat-2E/GE-5 Ariane 4 Launch
* Oct 14 - NEAR, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #15 (TCM-15)
Oct 14 - Comet Lovas 1 Perihelion (1.69 AU)
Oct 14 - Asteroid 1036 Ganymed Closest Approach to Earth (0.464 AU)
Oct 14 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Venera 16 Venus Orbit Insertion
* Oct 15 - Deep Space 1 Delta Launch (Asteroid/Mars/Comet Flyby Mission)
Oct 16 - Moon Occults Mars
Oct 16 - Comet Klemola Closest Approach to Earth (1.522 AU)
Oct 17 - Asteroid 44 Nysa at Opposition (9.8 Magnitude)
Oct 18 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-58 Launch
Oct 20 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TP66 at Opposition (25.403 AU - 20.7
Magnitude)
Oct 21 - Orionid Meteor Shower Peak
Oct 22 - Asteroid 409 Aspasia Occults SAO 75073 (9.9 Magnitude Star)
Oct 22 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TQ66 at Opposition (33.604 AU - 21.9
Magnitude)
Oct 23 - Saturn at Opposition
Oct 24 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #55 (OTM-55)
Oct 25 - Daylight Savings - Set Clock Back 1 Hour (USA)
Oct 25 - Asteroid 106 Dione at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Oct 26 - Asteroid 20 Massalia at Opposition (8.8 Magnitude)
Oct 26 - Asteroid 674 Rachele at Opposition (11.0 Magnitude)
* Oct 27 - Asteroid 1989 NA Closest Approach To Earch (1.524 AU)
Oct 27 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Canon City Meteorite Fall (Hit Garage)
Oct 28 - Asteroid 7358 (1995 YA3) Closest Approach to Earth (0.438 AU)
Oct 28 - Asteroid 1508 Kemi Closest Approach to Earth (1.201 AU)
Oct 29 - STS-95 Launch, Endeavour, Spacehab-SM
Oct 29 - Asteroid 1994 TA Closest Approach to Earth (15.923 AU - 23.7
Magnitude)
* Oct 30 - Galaxy 11 Zenit 3SL Launch
Oct 30 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TL66 at Opposition (34.099 AU - 20.4
Magnitude)
Oct 31 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Oct 31 - Asteroid 6 Hebe Occults GSC 6255-1346 (9.2 Magnitude Star)
November 1998
Nov ?? - Mars Global Surveyor, Aerobraking Phase 2 Begins
Nov ?? - Quikscat (Quick Scattermoter) Titan II Launch
* Nov ?? - Chinasat-8 Long March 3B Launch
* Nov 01 - Terriers/Mublcom Pegasus XL Launch
Nov 01 - Asteroid 102 Miriam Occults SAO 164159 (8.7 Magnitude Star)
Nov 01 - Asteroid 576 Emanuela Occults TAC +096711 (10.4 Magnitude Star)
Nov 01 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TS66 at Opposition (37.825 AU - 21.9 Mag)
Nov 01 - 35th Anniversary (1963), Polyot 1 Launch (USSR), 1st Spacecraft With
Extensive Maneuver Capability
Nov 03 - Taurids Meteor Shower Peak
Nov 03 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Mariner 10 Launch (Venus/Mercury Flyby
Mission)
Nov 05 - Asteroid 15 Eunomia at Opposition (7.9 Magnitude)
Nov 07 - Comet Takamizawa Perihelion (1.585 AU)
Nov 08 - Asteroid 51 Nemausa at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Nov 08 - Asteroid 4055 Magellan Closest Approach to Earth (0.983 AU)
Nov 08 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Pioneer 9 Launch
Nov 09 - Asteroid 69 Hesperia at Opposition (10.8 Magnitude)
Nov 09 - Mercury Occults 184412 (7.8 Magnitude Star)
Nov 10 - Asteroid 46 Hestia at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Nov 10 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Zond 6 Launch (Soviet Moon Flyby Mission)
Nov 11 - Mercury Greatest Eastern Elongation (22 Degrees)
Nov 12 - Argos/Orsted/Sunsat Delta 2 Launch
Nov 13 - Moon Occults Mars
Nov 13 - Asteroid 145 Adeona Occults PPM 736551 (10.9 Magnitude Star)
Nov 13 - 20th Anniversary (1978), HEAO 2 Launch (Einstein X-Ray Observatory)
Nov 15 - 10th Anniversary (1988), 1st & Only Buran Launch (Soviet Space
Shuttle)
Nov 15 - William Herschell's 260th Birthday (1738)
* Nov 16 - Comet C/1998 G1 (LINEAR) Perihelion (2.132 AU)
Nov 16 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Skylab-4 Launch
Nov 17 - Leonids Meteor Shower Peak (Potential Meteor Storm)
Nov 18 - Asteroid 270 Anahita at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Nov 19 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #56 (OTM-56)
Nov 19 - Bonum Delta 2 Launch
Nov 19 - Comet Kowal-Vavorva Perihelion (2.575 AU)
Nov 20 - Asteroid 532 Herculina Occults PPM 709785 (9.8 Magnitude Star)
Nov 21 - Comet Giacobini-Zinner Perihelion (1.034 AU)
Nov 21 - Asteroid 45 Eugenia Occults SAO 94447 (8.4 Magnitude Star)
Nov 22 - Galileo, Europa 18 Flyby
Nov 23 - Asteroid 3753 (1986 TO) Near-Earth Flyby (0.313 AU)
* Nov 24 - MCI 1 Atlas 2AS Launch
Nov 24 - Asteroid 1865 Cerberus Near-Earth Flyby (0.1634 AU)
Nov 25 - Asteroid FG3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.0384 AU)
Nov 26 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #57 (OTM-57)
Nov 26 - Asteroid 5 Astraea at Opposition (9.8 Magnitude)
Nov 28 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Nov 28 - Mercury Passes 0.25 Degrees From Venus
Nov 28 - Asteroid 42 Isis at Opposition (10.6 Magnitude)
Nov 28 - Asteroid 1989 UR Near-Earth Flyby (0.058 AU)
Nov 28 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 VK8 at Opposition (42.519 AU
- 22.9 Magnitude)
Nov 28 - 15th Anniversary (1983), STS-9 Launch (Columbia), 1st Flight
of Spacelab (ESA)
Nov 29 - Asteroid 1 Ceres at Opposition (7.0 Magnitude)
* Nov 29 - Asteroid 1992 RN1 Closest Approach To Earth (1.486 AU)
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - April 26, 1998 [5/6]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
December 1998
Dec ?? - ROCSAT Athena 1 Launch
Dec ?? - Landsat 7 Delta 2 Launch
Dec 02 - Kuiper Belt Object YY3 at Opposition (29.786 AU - 23.3 Magnitude)
Dec 02 - Mercury at Perihelion
Dec 02 - 10th Anniversary (1988), STS-27 Launch (Atlantis), DOD Classified
Mission
Dec 02 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-61 Launch (Endeavour), 1st Hubble Space
Telescope
Servicing Mission
Dec 03 - STS-93 Launch, Space Shuttle Columbia, AXAF-1
Dec 03 - Cassini, Deep Space Maneuver (TCM-5)
Dec 04 - Venus Occults 185332 (7.8 Magnitude Star)
Dec 04 - Asteroid 1866 Sisypus Near-Earth Flyby (0.338 AU)
Dec 04 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Pioneer Venus, Venus Orbit Insertion
Dec 05 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Pioneer 10, Jupiter Flyby
* Dec 06 - ICO Atlas 2AS Launch
Dec 06 - Asteroid 3362 Khufu Near-Earth Flyby (0.364 AU)
Dec 06 - 40th Anniversary (1958), Pioneer 3 Launch (Moon Flyby Mission)
Dec 07 - Cassini at Aphelion (1.58 AU)
* Dec 08 - Asteroid 1985 UJ Closest Approach To Earth (0.922 AU)
Dec 09 - STS-96 Launch, Endeavour, ISS-2 (Spacehab-DM), Logistics Carrier
Dec 09 - Asteroid 6524 Baalke at Opposition (1.251 AU - 15.0 Magnitude)
Dec 09 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Pioneer Venus 2 Landing on Venus
Dec 10 - Mars Climate Orbiter Delta 2 Launch (Mars Orbiter)
Dec 11 - Asteroid 52 Europa at Opposition (10.2 Magnitude)
Dec 11 - Asteroid 245 Vera Occults SAO 77824 (10.2 Magnitude Star)
Dec 11 - Asteroid 3122 Florence Closest Approach to Earth (1.092 AU)
Dec 12 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 WY2 at Opposition (46.432 AU - 23.7
Magnitude)
* Dec 13 - DOD US Air Force Titan 4 Launch
* Dec 14 - Asteroid 4957 Brucemurray Closest Approach to Earth (0.718 AU)
* Dec 15 - TSX-5 Pegasus XL Launch
Dec 17 - LORAL Atlas 2 Launch
Dec 17 - 95th Anniversary (1903), Wright Brothers' 1st Airplane Flight
* Dec 20 - NEAR, 1st Eros Rendezvous Braking Maneuver (RND-1)
Dec 20 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (21 Degrees)
Dec 20 - 1st Day Of Ramadan
Dec 21 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Venera 12 Venus Flyby/Landing
Dec 21 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Apollo 8 Launch
Dec 22 - Winter Solstice, 01:55 UT
Dec 22 - Comet Shoemaker-Levy 7 Closest Approach to Earth (1.098 AU)
Dec 22 - Asteroid 245 Vera Occults SAO 77608 (8.8 Magnitude Star)
* Dec 23 - Cassini, Probe Checkout #3
* Dec 23 - Comet C/1998 G1 (LINEAR)</a> Cosest Approach to Earth (1.982 AU)
Dec 24 - Asteroid 49 Pales Occults PPM 206242 (9.5 Magnitude Star)
Dec 25 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Dec 25 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Venera 11 Venus Flyby/Landing
* Dec 26 - NEAR, Initial Search For Eros Satellites
Dec 27 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #58 (OTM-58)
* Dec 28 - NEAR, 2nd Eros Rendezvous Braking Maneuver (RND-2)
* Dec 28 - NEAR, 3rd Eros Rendezvous Braking Maneuver (RND-3)
Dec 29 - Asteroid 132 Aethra at Opposition (10.9 Magnitude)
January 1999
* Jan 01 - Asteroid 6053 (1993 BW3) Closest Approach To Earth (0.585 AU)
Jan 02 - 40th Anniversary (1959), Luna 1 Launch (1st Moon Mission)
Jan 03 - Mars Polar Lander Delta 2 Launch
* Jan 03 - NEAR, 4th Eros Rendezvous Braking Maneuver (RND-4)
Jan 03 - Quadrantids Meteor Shower Peak
Jan 04 - Earth at Perihelion (0.983 AU From Sun)
Jan 05 - Venus Passes 1.7 Degrees From Neptune
Jan 05 - 30th Anniversary (1969), Venera 5 Launch (Soviet Venus Lander)
* Jan 09 - Cassini At Opposition
Jan 10 - NEAR, Asteroid Eros Orbit Insertion (OCM-1)
Jan 10 - 30th Anniversary (1969), Venera 6 Launch (Soviet Venus Lander)
Jan 11 - Comet Tsuchinshan 2 Closest Approach to Earth (0.875 AU)
Jan 13 - Venus Passes 0.9 Degrees From Uranus
Jan 13 - Mars Occults 139407 (7.1 Magnitude Star)
Jan 13 - Olin Wilson's 90th Birthday (1909)
Jan 14 - STS-92 Launch, Atlantis, ISS-3 (3-Person Permanent Habitation)
Jan 15 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CU29 at Opposition (43.808 AU - 23.0
Magnitude)
Jan 16 - 30th Anniversary (1969), 1st Manned Vehicle Docking & 1st Crew
Exchange
(Soyuz 4 & 5)
Jan 17 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CS29 at Opposition (42.620 - 21.4 Magnitude)
Jan 18 - Asteroid 1991 VE Near-Earth Flyby (0.1434 AU)
* Jan 20 - NEAR, OCM-2, Eros Orbit 401x200 km
Jan 21 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CW29 at Opposition (41.495 AU - 22.8
Magnitude)
Jan 25 - 5th Anniversary (1994), Clementine Launch (Moon Orbiter)
Jan 25 - 35th Anniversary (1963), Echo 2 Launch, 1st Joint US-USSR Program
* Jan 27 - NEAR, OCM-3, Eros Orbit 205x195 km
Jan 27 - Mercury Passes 2.2 Degrees From Neptune
Jan 27 - Comet Harrington-Abell Perihelion (1.758 AU)
* Jan 28 - Cassini, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #6 (TCM-6)
Jan 29 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #59 (OTM-59)
Jan 29 - 10th Anniversary (1989), Phobos 2 Mars Orbit Insertion
February 1999
* Feb ?? - ADEOS II H-2 Launch (Japan)
* Feb ?? - SWAS (Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite) Pegasus XL Launch
Feb 01 - Galileo, Europa 19 Flyby
Feb 02 - Mercury Passes 1.5 Degrees From Uranus
Feb 03 - 5th Anniversary (1994), STS-60 Launch (Discovery), 1st Russian
Cosmonaut
on Space Shuttle, Wake Shield Facility
Feb 03 - 5th Anniversary (1994), Maiden Flight of NASDA H-2 Launch Vehicle
(Japan)
Feb 03 - 15th Anniversary (1984), STS-41B Launch (Challenger), 1st Untethered
Spacewalk (Manned Maneuvering Unit)
Feb 04 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 DB2 at Opposition (39.299 AU - 23.5
Magnitude)
Feb 05 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #60 (OTM-60)
* Feb 05 - NEAR, OCM-4, Eros Orbit 205x85 km
Feb 05 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 DA2 at Opposition (33.070 AU - 23.3
Magnitude)
Feb 05 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CT29 at Opposition (43.893 AU - 21.5
Magnitude)
Feb 05 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mariner 10 Venus Flyby
Feb 06 - STARDUST Delta 2 Launch (Comet Sample Return Mission)
Feb 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CR29 at Opposition (41.011 AU - 22.7
Magnitude)
Feb 08 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CV29 at Opposition (39.590 AU - 23.1
Magnitude)
Feb 08 - 5th Anniversary (1994), Maiden Flight of CZ-3A Launcher (China)
* Feb 10 - Asteroid 4596 (1981 QB) Closest Approach To Earth (1.131 AU)
Feb 10 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mars 4 Mars Flyby (Soviet Union)
* Feb 11 - Pluto Crosses Neptune's Orbit And Becomes the Farthest Planet
From the Sun
* Feb 12 - NEAR, OCM-5, Eros Orbit 102x99 km
Feb 12 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mars 5 Mars Flyby (Soviet Union)
Feb 15 - Galileo Galilei's 435th Birthday (1564)
Feb 16 - Annular Eclipse, Visible From Central Australia
Feb 16 - Chinese New Year
Feb 17 - Moon Occults Mercury
* Feb 22 - NEAR, OCM-6, Eros Orbit 510x98 km
Feb 23 - Venus Passes 0.1 Degrees From Jupiter
Feb 25 - 30th Anniversary (1969), Mariner 6 Launch (Mars Flyby Mission)
Feb 25 - 50th Anniversary (1949), WAC Corporal Launch
* Feb 27 - NEAR, OCM-7, Eros Orbit 500x100 km
Feb 27 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CQ29 at Opposition (40.142 AU - 22.6
Magnitude)
Feb 28 - Mercury at Perihelion
Feb 28 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 DC2 at Opposition (40.172 AU - 23.5
Magnitude)
Feb 28 - 40th Anniversary (1959), Discoverer 1 Launch (1st Polar Orbiter)
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 27 апреля 1998 (1998-04-27)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - April 26, 1998 [6/6]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
March 1999
Mar ?? - Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Mapping Begins
Mar ?? - Lunar-A M5 Launch (Japan Moon Mission)
* Mar ?? - Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) Launch
* Mar ?? - CATSAT Ultralite Launch
Mar 03 - Mercury At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (18 Degrees)
Mar 03 - 30th Anniversary (1969), Apollo 9 Launch
Mar 03 - 40th Anniversary (1959), Pioneer 4 Launch (1st US Moon Flyby)
Mar 05 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 ES2 at Opposition (44.307 AU - 24.0
Magnitude)
Mar 05 - 20th Anniversary (1979), Voyager 1 Flyby of Jupiter
Mar 08 - Comet Tsuchinshan 2 Perihelion (1.770 AU)
* Mar 09 - NEAR, OCM-8, Eros Orbit 165x50 km
Mar 09 - Comet Skiff-Kosai Perihelion (2.789 AU)
Mar 09 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mars 7 Mars Flyby (Soviet Union)
Mar 12 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mars 6 Mars Flyby/Landing (Soviet Union)
Mar 14 - Albert Einstein's 120th Birthday (1879)
* Mar 15 - NEAR, OCM-9, Eros Orbit 56x49 km
Mar 16 - Comet Shoemaker 1 Perihelion (1.979 AU)
Mar 18 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #61 (OTM-61)
Mar 18 - Asteroid 1991 TB1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.1632 AU)
Mar 19 - Venus Passes 2.4 Degrees From Saturn
Mar 21 - Vernal Equinox, 01:46 UT
Mar 21 - Comet Mueller 3 Perihelion (3.011 AU)
Mar 21 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 GV9 at Opposition (41.230 AU - 23.2
Magnitude)
Mar 22 - Galileo Enters Solar Conjunction
Mar 26 - Asteroid 1992 SK Near-Earth Flyby (0.0560 AU)
Mar 27 - 30th Anniversary (1969), Mariner 7 Launch (Mars Flyby Mission)
Mar 28 - Pierre Simon Laplace's 250th Birthday (1749)
Mar 29 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mariner 10, 1st Mercury Flyby
* Mar 30 - NEAR, OCM-10, Eros Orbit 55x33 km
April 1999
* Apr 01 - Asteroid 1863 Antinous Near-Earth Flyby (0.1894 AU)
* Apr 02 - 40th Anniversary (1959), Selection Of The Mercury 7 Astronauts
* Apr 03 - Comet Schorr Perihelion (2.847 AU)
* Apr 04 - Easter Sunday
* Apr 04 - Daylight Savings - Set Clock Ahead 1 Hour (North America)
* Apr 06 - Comet Singer-Brewster Perihelion (2.032 AU)
* Apr 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1993 FW at Opposition (40.975 AU - 23.2
Magnitude)
* Apr 08 - STS-97 Launch, Discovery, International Space Station 4
* Apr 08 - Cassini, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #7 (TCM-7)
* Apr 08 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 HM5 at Opposition (31.060 AU - 23.0
Magntude)
* Apr 08 - 35th Anniversary (1964), Gemini 1 Launch (Unmanned)
* Apr 10 - Galileo Exits Solar Conjunction
* Apr 10 - Moon Occults Neptune
* Apr 11 - Moon Occults Uranus
* Apr 11 - Venus Occults 76150 (7.7 Magnitude Star)
* Apr 12 - 150th Anniversary (1849), de Gasparis' Discovery of Asteroid Hygiea
* Apr 14 - Moon Occults Mercury
* Apr 14 - Christian Huygens' 370th Birthday (1629)
* Apr 16 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation (27.5 Degrees)
* Apr 16 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 EV3 at Opposition (43.701 AU - 23.5
Magnitude)
* Apr 20 - Cassini, 2nd Venus Flyby
* Apr 20 - Lyrids Meteor Shower Peak
* Apr 20 - Venus at Perihelion
* Apr 24 - Mars At Opposition
* Apr 25 - NEAR, OCM-11, Eros Orbit 35x35 km
* Apr 27 - Asteroid 1989 ML Near-Earth Flyby (0.2520 AU)
* Apr 27 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 JQ1 at Opposition (41.9 AU - 23.3 Magnitude)
* Apr 28 - Comet Bowell-Skiff Perihelion (1.972 AU)
___ _____ ___
/_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov
| | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab |
___| | | | |__) |/ | | |__ Pasadena, CA | The truth always turns out
/___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| | to be simpler than you
|_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | thought. Richard Feynman
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
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